Non-fungible token: Unterschied zwischen den Versionen

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Im Mai 2021 kündigte die [[Universität von Kalifornien, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] an, dass sie zwei Patente für Nobelpreis-prämierte Entdeckungen als NFT versteigern möchte: das für die Genschere [[CRISPR gene editing|CRISPR-Cas9]], sowie die Immuntherapie gegen Krebs.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=UC Berkeley Will Auction NFTs for 2 Nobel Prize Patents {{!}} Inside Higher Ed|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2021/05/28/uc-berkeley-will-auction-nfts-2-nobel-prize-patents|access-date=2021-05-29|website=www.insidehighered.com|language=en}}</ref> Die Universität wird die Besitzrechte an den Patenten weiterhin behalten, versteigert jedoch die Dokumentenform als NFT, welche auch der Forschung zur Verfügung steht.<ref name=":1" /> Die NFTs wurden am 8. Juni 2021 für 22 [[ETH]] verkauft (ca. 55.000 US-Dollar). <ref>https://foundation.app/@UCBerkeley/the-fourth-pillar-uc-berkeley-2021-41258</ref>
Im Mai 2021 kündigte die [[Universität von Kalifornien, Berkeley|UC Berkeley]] an, dass sie zwei Patente für Nobelpreis-prämierte Entdeckungen als NFT versteigern möchte: das für die Genschere [[CRISPR gene editing|CRISPR-Cas9]], sowie die Immuntherapie gegen Krebs.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=UC Berkeley Will Auction NFTs for 2 Nobel Prize Patents {{!}} Inside Higher Ed|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2021/05/28/uc-berkeley-will-auction-nfts-2-nobel-prize-patents|access-date=2021-05-29|website=www.insidehighered.com|language=en}}</ref> Die Universität wird die Besitzrechte an den Patenten weiterhin behalten, versteigert jedoch die Dokumentenform als NFT, welche auch der Forschung zur Verfügung steht.<ref name=":1" /> Die NFTs wurden am 8. Juni 2021 für 22 [[ETH]] verkauft (ca. 55.000 US-Dollar). <ref>https://foundation.app/@UCBerkeley/the-fourth-pillar-uc-berkeley-2021-41258</ref>


== Copyright ==
== Kopierschutz ==
Ownership of an NFT does not inherently grant copyright to whatever digital asset the token represents.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gallagher|first=Jacob|date=2021-03-15|title=NFTs Are the Biggest Internet Craze. Do They Work for Sneakers?|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nfts-and-fashion-collectors-pay-big-money-for-virtual-sneakers-11615829266|access-date=2021-06-26|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Thaddeus-Johns|first=Josie|date=2021-03-11|title=What Are NFTs, Anyway? One Just Sold for $69 Million.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/arts/design/what-is-an-nft.html|access-date=2021-06-26|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> While someone may sell an NFT representing their work, the buyer will not necessarily receive copyright privileges when ownership of the NFT is changed and so the original owner is allowed to create more NFTs of the same work.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Salmon|first=Felix|date=March 12, 2021|title=How to exhibit your very own $69 million Beeple|work=Axios|url=https://www.axios.com/beeple-crypto-nft-art-a4c631d1-d173-46a5-b514-9732b2fcecaf.html|access-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref><ref name=":53">{{Cite news|last=Clark|first=Mitchell|date=March 11, 2021|title=NFTs, explained|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/22310188/nft-explainer-what-is-blockchain-crypto-art-faq|access-date=March 11, 2021}}</ref> In that sense, an NFT is merely a proof of ownership that is separate from a copyright.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=March 3, 2021|title=NFT blockchain drives surge in digital art auctions|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56252738|access-date=March 12, 2021}}</ref> According to legal scholar [[Rebecca Tushnet]], "In one sense, the purchaser acquires whatever the art world thinks they have acquired. They definitely do not own the copyright to the underlying work unless it is explicitly transferred."<ref>{{cite web|title=Memes for Sale? Making sense of NFTs|url=https://today.law.harvard.edu/memes-for-sale-making-sense-of-nfts/|access-date=26 June 2021|website=Harvard Law Today}}</ref> In practice, NFT purchasers do not generally acquire the copyright of the underlying artwork.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Burton|first=Amber|date=2021-03-13|title=Want to Buy an NFT? Here’s What to Know|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/want-to-buy-an-nft-heres-what-to-know-11615647601|access-date=2021-06-26|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
Der Besitz eines NFT deckt nicht gleichzeitig das Besitzrecht des digitalen Asset ab, dass durch den Token repräsentiert wird.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gallagher|first=Jacob|date=2021-03-15|title=NFTs Are the Biggest Internet Craze. Do They Work for Sneakers?|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nfts-and-fashion-collectors-pay-big-money-for-virtual-sneakers-11615829266|access-date=2021-06-26|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Thaddeus-Johns|first=Josie|date=2021-03-11|title=What Are NFTs, Anyway? One Just Sold for $69 Million.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/arts/design/what-is-an-nft.html|access-date=2021-06-26|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Während jemand ein NFT verkaufen kann, erhält nicht automatisch ein Käufer das Besitzrecht und die Rechte für den Kopierschutz; dies betrifft ebenso Änderungen an diesen NFTs.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Salmon|first=Felix|date=March 12, 2021|title=How to exhibit your very own $69 million Beeple|work=Axios|url=https://www.axios.com/beeple-crypto-nft-art-a4c631d1-d173-46a5-b514-9732b2fcecaf.html|access-date=March 13, 2021}}</ref><ref name=":53">{{Cite news|last=Clark|first=Mitchell|date=March 11, 2021|title=NFTs, explained|work=The Verge|url=https://www.theverge.com/22310188/nft-explainer-what-is-blockchain-crypto-art-faq|access-date=March 11, 2021}}</ref> In that sense, an NFT is merely a proof of ownership that is separate from a copyright.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=March 3, 2021|title=NFT blockchain drives surge in digital art auctions|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-56252738|access-date=March 12, 2021}}</ref> According to legal scholar [[Rebecca Tushnet]], "In one sense, the purchaser acquires whatever the art world thinks they have acquired. They definitely do not own the copyright to the underlying work unless it is explicitly transferred."<ref>{{cite web|title=Memes for Sale? Making sense of NFTs|url=https://today.law.harvard.edu/memes-for-sale-making-sense-of-nfts/|access-date=26 June 2021|website=Harvard Law Today}}</ref> In practice, NFT purchasers do not generally acquire the copyright of the underlying artwork.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Burton|first=Amber|date=2021-03-13|title=Want to Buy an NFT? Here’s What to Know|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/want-to-buy-an-nft-heres-what-to-know-11615647601|access-date=2021-06-26|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>


== Standards in blockchains ==
== Standards in blockchains ==

Spenden-Adressen:
Bitcoin Icon BTC: 1EoecgUZnAjamUYaKstqwbremQqbucTaoZ
Ethereum Icon ETH: 0x0D2Ab63dfe70a7fA12f9d66eCfEA9dDc8F5173A8

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